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This long discussion starts with a question about maintaining the finish on a beautiful outdoor wood gate, and continues into a detailed examination of the difficult durability issues with exterior clear finishes. January 14, 2008

Rx for Wood Machining Defects

Dr. Gene Wengert examines the causes for defects in solid lumber caused by machining. 1998.

Outdoor wood furnaces

Experiences with outdoor "water stove" heating systems. March 20, 2001

Rx For Bending Wood

Dr. Gene Wengert offers advice on bending solid lumber in production applications. 1998.

Wood dust hazards and safety gear

A detailed look at personal safety precautions for those exposed to wood dust.

Blue-Stained Pine Pros and Cons

Controversy simmers over whether blue stain is is a special value, a visual defect, or a mold liability risk. September 17, 2008

Acidity: Common Cause -- of Panel Gluing Problems

How pH contributes to adhesion problems in glued-up panels. 1998.

No-blotch dying

Methods to achieve uniform finishes. March 5, 2003

Health hazards of wood dust

Studies have shown that breathing wood dust can be hazardous to your health. 1998.

Finishing mahogany

Producing the dark color expected of mahogany. February 12, 2003

Drying wood for musical instruments

A primer on various lumber drying techniques as they relate to musical instrument construction. 1998.

Treating wood worm infestations

How to arrest an infestation of wood worms before they migrate to other furniture. 1998.

Aching Glue Joints

Diagnoses and cures for a variety of problems related to the gluing up of panels in solid lumber. 1998.

Raised Glue Joints on a Wood Countertop

Detailed analysis of why glue joints may show up as visible bumps or grooves on a wood surface in a location subject to moisture changes. April 24, 2009

Characteristics of padauk

Basic characteristics of this beautiful, brilliant-red wood. October 10, 2000

Dr. Gene Wengert - Giving Free Advice Became a Habit

How Gene Wengert became the Wood Doctor, and how he helps woodworkers on and offline. July 16, 2002

Finger Joints: A Few Whys and Wherefores

The Wood Doctor provides his prescription for effective finger joints in solid stock. 1998.

Causes and cures for sticker stain

The Wood Doctor weighs in with comprehensive information about the causes and prevention of sticker stain. 1998.

Glue Joint Failure

Dr. Gene Wengert delves into one of the primary problem areas affecting furniture manufacturers: glue joints. 1998.

Treated pine vs. cedar

The Wood Doctor offers his prognosis for outdoor projects using cedar and treated pine. 1998.

Comparing Western and Eastern cedars

Both Eastern white and Western red cedars have their virtues; the Wood Doctor provides details. 1998.

Wood dust a carcinogen?

The Wood Doctor points to two sources of information on the carcinogenic properties of wood dust. 1998.

Australian lace wood

Characteristics of this unusual wood. 1998.

Is It Practical to Store Logs for Long Periods?

Most logs will deteriorate quickly if not cut and dried. Here's a long debate on the practicality of pond storage and other proposed ways around the dilemma. April 19, 2006

Using PEG for dimensional stability

The discovery and use of PEG for stabilizing previously unseasoned lumber. 1998.

Preserving a cedar deck

Best methods for treating and protecting wood decks from decay. 1998.

Sawmill recovery rate

Does one sawmill's recovery rate make it a better choice over another mill? (From WOODWEB's Sawing and Drying Forum) February 18, 2003

Types and Properties of Woodworking Adhesives

The Wood Doctor's dissertation on wood glues, from A to Z. 1998.

Wood species for outdoor furniture

The Wood Doctor names names: Decay-resistance lumber suitable for outdoor use. October 10, 2000

Warpage in bookmatched curly maple?

Warpage should not be anticipated in bookmatched lumber any more than in any other type of glue up. 1998.

Furniture from Air-Dried Red Oak

If "air drying" is understood to include drying to equilibrium in a conditioned indoor space, then the result can be useable wood. May 27, 2008

What's the Toughest Wood to Dry?

Wood Doctor Gene Wengert lists a few wood species that just love to stay wet. January 27, 2008

Pressure treated lumber -- O.K. for grape arbor?

A look at pressure-treated woods, then and now, and safety factors to consider in using them. 1998.

A PEG primer

Some general information on this green-wood treatment. 1998.

Darkening wood with steam

Saturated steam can be an effective way to darken some species of wood, while still green. 1998.

High-Quality Cherry Slab Doors

An extended discussion of the advantages of various ways to make slab doors. October 25, 2006

Diagnosing a Beetle Infestation

The Wood Doctor discusses the risk indicated by insect exit holes appearing in wood recently brought indoors. April 30, 2009

Cupping of resawn lumber

The two reasons wood cups when resawn. 1998.

Woods for outdoor furniture

A manufacturer of outdoor furniture consults the Wood Doctor for help with choosing a species to replace beech. 1998.

Relative densities of various birches

The Wood Doctor offers resources for information on the relative densities of birch lumbers, and offers an opinion on plastic laminate. 1998.

Salvaging lumber from submerged wood

The best chance for salvaging lumber from submerged wood lies in cutting it quickly, and drying it slowly. 1998.

Twisting cabinet doors

Only changes in moisture content cause wood to change in size or shape. 1998.

A brief history of wood glues

Is there a difference between white and yellow wood glues? 1998.

Wood density studies

Sources for reports on several studies of wood densities are provided. 1998.

Techniques for Equalizing and Conditioning Lumber

The Wood Doctor explains how to complete the final two steps in the primary processing uh, process. 1998.

Pushing the Envelope with a Herringbone Table Top

Small pieces of wood sliced 1/8 inch thick, laid into a herringbone pattern, and applied to an MDF substrate on both sides, have been known to work as a custom table top. March 26, 2007

Kiln dried: Better than air dried?

Why kiln-dried lumber is the best option for wood that will eventually 'live' indoors. 1998.

Salt pastes and PEG

Polyethylene glycol is high-priced, but the alternatives for stabilizing green wood are few. 1998.

Raised glue lines after curing

A glue line that is raised days after parts are assembled and the glue has cured is a sure sign of wet lumber. 1998.

: Redheart, described and defined

"Redheart" is just another name for... 1998.

Workbench end caps: Bad idea?

Though European workbenches commonly feature caps over the ends of the worktop material, these may hinder natural movement of the wood on this side of the Atlantic.

Use and finishing tips: Cottonwood

Cottonwood is a good quality, light-to-medium duty wood. 1998.

Pursuing perfect miters

Methods and equipment for achieving the highest quality. September 20, 2003

Abrasive Planing: Gluing and Yield Observations

A comparison of abrasive and traditional knife surfacing of solid lumber, and their effects on gluing and yield. 1998.

Iroko Wood Tearout

This tropical hardwood (a good substitute for teak) can be tough on saw blades and moulder knives. December 1, 2005

Raised grain: A pith-side phenomenon

Raised grain tends to appear more on the side of boards which, in the log, faced the pith. Here's why. 1998.

Wood waste for electric generation?

Could wood be an efficient source for eventual conversion into electric power? 1998.

More on blue stain removal

Is there a 100-percent-effective method for removing blue stain from pine? 1998.

Rotted siding

Gene Wengert helps a homeowner with a question about decaying siding. 1998.

Chemically "aging" cherry

Tips and cautions for using chemicals to quickly achieve the richer colors certain woods attain with age. 1998.

Embossing wood blocks

Producing embossed ABC blocks is expensive, unless you're doing a bunch of them. 1998.

Wood technology Web sites

A short list of Web sites with information about characteristics of given species. 1998.

Steaming beech and why not

The Wood Doctor cautions against steaming beach for extended periods. 1998.

Glazing Advice for a High-Volume Shop

Pros give tips on formulating glazes, simplifying the process, and pacing the work. March 18, 2005

Table Saw Blade Height Above Material

Here's a long, thoughtful discussion of the practical and safety aspects of setting blade height when working with a table saw. November 13, 2009

The "Sustainable" Chain of Custody

How can a small shop get certification that its wood is sustainably produced, all the way back to the source? June 30, 2009

Wax Finish for a Walnut Slab Table Top

Furnituremakers discuss wax finishes. December 2, 2009

Steambending

How much time to allow based on thickness and proposed radius of wood. September 23, 2003

Jarah

and we do mean HARD. 1998.

Hard maple cracks and causes

Potential causes for hairline cracks in dried hard maple. 1998.

Cambium miner's effect on lumber grade

Gene Wengert on cambium miners, what they do, and whether the result affects lumber grade. 1998.

Valuing and pricing old lumber

Lumber pricing is like everything else: Whatever the market will bear.

Do tropical trees lose their leaves?

The Wood Doctor explains that many species of tropical trees are indeed deciduous. 1998.

Lumber drying options and efficiencies

The Wood Doctor's favorite references for making decisions among lumber-drying options. 1998.

Gluing white oak panels

Because of its density, white oak lumber must be machined carefully for panel glue-up, and assembled within an hour of preparation. 1998.

Air-dried oak for casework?

Air-dried lumber needs to live in the environment it will inhabit prior to fabrication. 1998.

Calculating longitudinal shrinkage

There's no firm factor for calculating longitudinal shrinkage in maple, but here's a place to begin. 1998.

Characteristics of butt log lumber

Denser, darker wood than the rest of that from the same laod may be from butt logs. 1998.

Smelly lauan

The Wood Doctor is quizzed about bad-smelling lauan in a commercial bar. Diagnosis: anaerobic bacteria. Prognosis: terminal. Prescription: replacement. 1998.

Drying small pieces in microwave

You can dry lumber in a microwave oven, under certain conditions. 1998.

Ash baseball bats

Where to find the strongest ash for baseball bats. 1998.

Dark liquid from walnut: Toxic?

The Wood Doctor says: Stay away from this stuff! 1998.

A source for submerged wood

A supplier for lumber cut from submerged logs is provided.

Loss in air-dried lumber

The Wood Doctor provides typicial loss factors for several speices of lumber, when air-dried. 1998.

Warping and cracking in glued-up pine

To find clues for cracked and warped pine panels, a measure of moisture content is needed before the splitting occurs. 1998.

Ridding one's house of powderpost beetles

What to do upon discovering an infestatoin of powderpost beetles. 1998.

Is Eastern red cedar toxic?

Eastern red cedar does not share some of the reaction-generating characteristics of its Western namesake. 1998.

Spots revealed in dry, planed lumber

Dr. Gene attempts to find the causes of discolored spots on dried lumber, revealed only when the stock has been planed. 1998.

MC in imported mahogany furniture

Moisture contents higher than eight percent are suspect, and suppliers must be notified. 1998.

Underwater wood: Worthless?

Generally speaking, submerged lumber is often a total loss. 1998.

Tips for machining pecan

The Wood Doctor offers three things to bear in mind when machining pecan. 1998.

Thick Slab Table Top Construction

Thoughts and stories about large slab table tops, and some interesting examples. December 14, 2009

Solar Kiln Designs 1 -- Solar Heated, Lumber Dry Kiln Designs - Part 1

Solar Heated, Lumber Dry Kiln Designs - Part 1 - an in depth article by Gene Wengert and Luiz Carlos Oliveira

20 Steps to Drying Hard White Maple

The Wood Doctor's 100 percent guaranteed, sure-fire, no-snake-oil method for successfully drying hard white maple. 1998.

Lightning-Struck Wood Puzzle

Observations and speculation about whether lightning weakens the wood of a tree it strikes. August 29, 2006

Best preparation for bent ash

Dr. Gene advises a fishing-net maker on the best ways to prepare ash for bending into frames for his products. 1998.

Cypress board and batten siding

It's better to kiln dry that cypress before siding your house with it than to let air-drying suffice. 1998.

Drying green tongue-and-groove pine

Success in drying green, already-machined lumber has much to do with the species. 1998.

Drying pine for a trestle table

A brief look at the basics of drying freshly milled, 3-inch-thick pine. 1998.

Kiln-drying energy: Too cheap to save?

Sleep lost over the most efficient way to insulate a wood kiln will yield only lost sleep, not big savings. 1998.

Birch for outdoor tool handles?

White birch's comparative weakness renders it a poor choice for handles on tools that must sustain high impacts. 1998.

Air drying of hardwoods

Basic information, and where to find more of it, on air-drying green lumber. 1998.

Why is machined teak blotchy?

If you're not familiar with it, one property of freshly machined teak can take you by surprise. 1998.

Tooling tips for African wawa

More important than knife angles to obtaining a smooth machined finish is feed speed. 1998.

Worms in ash

Are worm holes in just-bought ash a cause for concern? 1998.

Flame spread rating for oak

Oak is rated at 100 by the ASTM. 1998.

Solar Kiln Designs 4 -- Solar Heated, Lumber Dry Kiln Designs - Part 4

Solar Heated, Lumber Dry Kiln Designs - Part 4 - an in depth article by Gene Wengert and Luiz Carlos Oliveira

Building a Hydraulic Swingmill

Sawmillers talk over the fine points and choices involved in building a hydraulic swingmill. March 13, 2009

Wood Dust, Breathing Difficulties, and Personal Protection

Personal accounts make clear that wood dust can bring on breathing problems, and that both shop-wide and individual protective steps are appropriate. August 29, 2006

PVA glues for veneering -- pros and cons

PVA glues can work for veneering, but there are potential pitfalls. 1998.

Mist systems and relative humidity

Mist systems, what they do, and some general information about relative humidty and its effect on wood. 1998.

Black streaks in birch

Searching for clues to the cause of black streaks, showing up in birch dowels during manufacturing. 1998.

Kiln drying Mexican oak

Mexican oak can be dried using the same schedules as those used by processors in the United States. 1998.

Temperature maximums for dehumidification units

and that's plenty. 1998.

Working with casehardened lumber

Casehardened lumber should be returned to the processor, or planed to the desired thickness; resawing is not an option. 1998.

Laminating different species

In a triple lamination, it's OK to use two species of lumber, given a few conditions. 1998.

When holly goes pathological

Only fungus and injury cause color change in normally white holly. 1998.

Identifying bird's eye maple

What causes the unique patterns in bird's eye maple lumber? 1998.

Discoloration in steamed beech

Tracing the source of discoloration as a result of beech steaming. 1998.

Lilmited options for blue stain removal

Blue stains in pine can only be removed through planing or heavy bleaching. 1998.

Crowns on Band Wheels

Why do crowns exist, and do they improve band tracking? January 29, 2004

Troubleshooting Chatter And Snipe

Is it a knife grinding issue or a moulder set-up problem? April 10, 2005

Troubleshooting Blotchy Effects with a Water-Based Finishing Schedule

Waterborne finishes make it tricky to get even tinting on some wood surfaces. Here, a finisher tries to zero in on a workable dye stain, barrier coat, and tinted topcoat system. December 28, 2007

Allegic reaction to sawdust

Dangers associated with breathing sawdust and saftey precautions to take. August 1, 2001

Finger-Jointed Wood from 2x Scrap

A discussion about the practicality of turning off-cuts into useable studs by finger-jointing. July 30, 2007

Wood weight and highway transport

How to accurately estimate the weight of a truckload of air-dried lumber to assure compliance with trucking regulations. Includes access info for resources. August 1, 2000

Steam Bending Tips

Expert info on grain, sawing, moisture content, and finishing concerns for steam bending wood. October 2, 2005

Jointing Curly Cherry

Tips and tricks for avoiding tear-out. August 30, 2005

Moisture content of walnut -- and measuring it

A woodworker seeks information about acceptable moisture contents for walnut used in furniture, and wonders what makes moisture meters tick. 1998.

Shrinkage allowances for red oak

Estimating radial and tangential shrinkage when drying red oak to 12 to 14 percent MC. 1998.

Buckled veneer is manufacturer's fault

except letting the manufacturer hear about it. 1998.

The importance of balanced finishes

or in this case, do unto one side of your project what you did to the other. 1998.

Machining MDF

Tips for machining MDF. 1998.

Tips for drying butternut burls

Butternut burls are dried much like regular lumber. Also, a source for further information on drying burls. 1998.

Casehardening explained

The Wood Doctor describes casehardening, its causes, and cure. July 18, 2000

Second-growth cypress -- it's just not the same

Second-growth cypress lacks the natural decay resistance of its first-generation counterpart. 1998.

Drying hard maple for whiteness

Permissible extremes for dehumification drying of maple, to accentuate whiteness. 1998.

Bending gun stocks

Advice on bending lumber in general and gun stocks in particular.1998.

How Did You Get Into Woodworking?

Woodworkers describe how they stumbled into this way of life. October 15, 2009

Lumber Moisture Content and Glue Failures

When you cross-cut and rip lumber at too high a moisture content, then quickly glue up panels (such as stair treads), glue failures may soon occur. February 5, 2007

Rx For Planer Splits

The five main causes for splits in lumber during roughmill planing. 1998.

Basement drying basics

The Wood Doctor prescribes proper drying procedures for a small batch in a basement. June 21, 2000

Five value-added approaches

Professor Gene Wengert presents ideas on adding value to your wood products. April 2, 2002

Stained oak from supplier

There are solutions for stained, milled, not-yet-dried oak lumber, but first , one must determine the cause of the staining. 1998.

"Sandy" glue joints

The age of glue matters. 1998.

Low-cost kiln plans

Information sources for constructing low-cost kilns. 1998.

Yellow glue: O.K. for laminating?

If specs are met, yellow glue is fine for bent laminations. 1998.

Stupid Woodworker Tricks

With a nod toward David Letterman, pros discuss their least-best moments. January 24, 2005

Animal and hide glues

Animal-based glues have all but disappeared in most woodworking applications. 1998.

Preventing kickback

Diagosing the causes of recurring kickback, and finding cures. 1998.

Techniques for drying wooden bowls

Advice on how to dry large, turned vessels. 1998.

Gluing veneers

Some tips for gluing down veneer. 1998.

Design of air drying sheds

General info on the design of sheds used for air-drying lumber. 1998.

Kiln-drying eucalyptus

Recommended temperatures for drying this native Australian species. 1998.

Challenging Issues for Wood Shops

This thread tackles two issues at one time (listing the top issues confronting wood shops, and managing multiple different kinds of work), and beats both into submission. July 30, 2009

Swing blade woes

What are the drawbacks to this type of mill? April 29, 2003

Measuring Logs and Lumber

Lumber measurement - Professor Gene Wengert clears up questions regarding proper measurement techniques. May 28, 2001

Troubleshooting a Diving Cut on a Swing Blade Sawmill

Swing-blade owners run through the usual suspects trying to find the source of a hard-to-explain blade-diving problem. February 12, 2007

Cottonwood for horse stalls

Is this a suitable species? September 25, 2002

Red Pine Versus White Pine for Timber Framing

Red pine is stiffer and stronger than white pine, but more prone to warping. December 28, 2006

Distinguishing Western Hemlock from Amabilis Fir

Tips on how to tell apart two very similar trees. April 20, 2006

Repairing a sequenced MDF door

reverse the terminal warp of a sequenced MDF/cherry door. 1998.

Measuring surface roughness

Three methods for measuring surface roughness on dressed lumber. 1998.

Creating skateboard blanks -- with compound curves

Ideas for gluing up 'longboard' blanks for skateboards. 1998.

Ideal relative humidity in woodworking plants

Determining the best relative humidity level for your operation. 1998.

Heat resistant veneer glue

There are glues that will withstand the high temperatures in heat-assisted finishing operations. 1998.

Drying South American hardwoods

Dr. Gene Wengert provides a resource for information on drying tropical hardwoods. 1998.

Preventing brown stain on pine

Warm weather is the culprit; keeping still-to-be-processed logs cools is the solution. 1998.

DH kiln operation

A resource for DH kiln operation. 1998.

Tannic acid stains in oak

October 16, 2000

The Cost of High Turnover

Replacing a lost employee costs a business to a degree that isn't always appreciated. Here, cabinetmakers discuss the problem of selecting, training, and keeping valuable team members. September 8, 2007

Financial Success in Woodworking

Philosophies and turning points on the path to $100K a year. January 6, 2005

Finger Versus Tablesaw

A cautionary tale of a seven-stitches encounter with a tablesaw blade sets off a discussion of accidents had and lessons learned. April 25, 2006

Tablesaw blade safety device

Does a new sawblade-stop product really protect your fingers? July 29, 2003

Blades for Sawing Old Timbers with Embedded Nails

There are no easy answers if you need a blade that will saw wood and also cut through nails. April 18, 2009

Plywood Cupping and Moisture Content

Check panel moisture content when you receive it, advises the Wood Doctor. April 16, 2009

Defining Quarter-Sawn and Rift-Sawn

There are both formal and informal definitions for "quarter-sawn" lumber. Here, cabinetmakers and the Wood Doctor discuss the fine points. July 5, 2006

Eyewitness: Injury

Scary stories about careless acts and bad consequences. June 28, 2005

Preparing Face Frame Stock

A lively discussion among cabinetmakers about whether, when, and how to joint, plane, or sand stock for face frames. October 8, 2005

Relief for Hurting Feet

Long days in the shop are rough on feet. Here, woodworkers share sympathy and suggest practical ways to ease the pain. September 7, 2006

Price Vs. Time Quartering white Oak

October 30, 2005

Modifying a Moulder to Run a Deep Profile

Trying to push a moulder to perform outside the limits of its original design can result in serious injury. January 29, 2009

Allergies, asthma, dust collection, and breathing protection.

Woodworkers talk about ways to cope with sensitivity to sawdust. February 12, 2009

Tablesaw Accident Anecdotes

Is a kerf in the palm of your hand a dado, a rabbet, or a groove? An accident that could have been worse sets off a collection of reminiscences, cautions, and advice. December 30, 2005

Matching the "Stickley" Look on White Oak

Trying to accentuate the rays in stained oak? Fuming for different times or tweaking stain strengths can help fine-tune the piece's finished appearance. August 30, 2005

Finishing Wood Window Blinds

curing a wavy finish in a flat line finishing system - March 17, 2000

Dovetail Drawers on a CNC Router

A wide-ranging discussion about cutting dovetail drawer joints on a CNC. November 8, 2008

Estimating board footage

Most accurate and most accepted methods of figuring BF for lumber. December 17, 2002

Power Feeder for a Shaper

Advice on choosing and using a power feeder for a 3-horsepower shaper. June 5, 2007

Removing Excess Stain from Corners

Hand-work techniques for getting wiping stain out of cabinet corners. July 27, 2008

Charging for Cabinet Design Work

Cabinetmakers discuss how they price the design phase of a job — and get paid. March 12, 2009

Business Worries and Sleep

Running your own business can make it hard to get a good night's sleep. Here's some advice on healthy habits that may help (personal and business both). April 9, 2008

Feets Don't Fail Me Now

All day on on your feet on a concrete shop floor is an rX for full-body pain. In this thread from the Cabinetmaking forum, old hands with old feet tell where they stand on personal footwear. October 1, 2005

CV and formaldehyde fumes

The wrong respirator can lead to serious health problems. July 22, 2003

Respirator Filter Storage

For long life, respirator filter cartridges should be stored in a sealed bag or container when not in use. April 30, 2009

Hand Cleaning Tips and Tricks

or keep it off in the first place. October 26, 2005

Sharpening Vibrating-Head Saw Blades

Did you know you can sharpen the blades for those vibrating-head detail-sander saws? You can also make your own replacement blades. December 6, 2006

Harmful saw dust

Steering clear of cedar dust, and what could happen if you don't. January 16, 2001

Rung Remedies

Suggesteed repairs for loose chair rungs - 1998

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